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"Mollusc of the Moment"
Visit Schooner Specimen Shells
by Ross Mayhew creator of The Mollusc of the Moment Articles


Cymatium ranzani
(Bianconi, 1850)

Class: Gastropoda

Family: Ranellidae

Species: Cymatium ranzani (Bianconi, 1850)

English Name: Ranzani's Triton

Locality:  Zanzibar

Image: Sony Mavica digital camera.

Cymatium ranzani (Bianconi, 1850) is a member of the large and diverse family Ranellidae, which is also known as Cymatiidae: in English, the Triton family.  The Ranellids (when referring to the members of a family, the suffix ae is replaced by an s) include the famous Trumpet Triton shell,  Charonia tritonis  (Linne, 1758) which is widely used in the Pacific as a musical instrument, as well as the Truly Twisted genus Distorsio, which will be featured in a future article. Cymatium ranzani is an uncommon moderately deep-water species which grows up to 8 inches, but which is very seldom collected as an adult.  The specimen illustrated above is just a baby (i.e.,  (i.e., a juvenile, in tech-speak), about 70mm, and nicely exhibits the species' periostracum (see below), which is hairy only on the varcies of the shell, which are very prominent in most species of Cymatiidae, and are structures created by a thickening of the lip which occurs after periods of rapid growth, and are useful for added strength, for the entire shell as well as just the lip.

 Most collectors like their specimens to be as close to perfect as possible.  However, the sea is  very harsh place to live in practice, and the shell's surface is subjected to a wide variety of hazards such as attacks by other organisms, (some of which wish to make a meal of the mollusc inside, and others who simply want a place to settle down and attach to (called a "substrate")), variable Calcium carbonate concentration (CaCO3 - the substance molluscs and other organisms such as star fish and sea urchins use to make their shells: if it is too low, the shell is dissolved, or is at best very difficult to capture from the water!),  high acidity in some fresh and brackish waters (acidity dissolves the shell if it is exposed - NOT a great thing for a mollusc trying to survive intact!), and abrasive sand and silt.  The Periostracum, which our "Mollusc of the moment" for today displays so well, is designed to protect the shell from many of these dangers.  It is made of a substance called "conchiolin", which is a tough, outer layer of protein that is secreted from the leading edge of the mantle, and clings tightly to the shell, often sealing it off completely, effectively preventing the shell from coming into contact with the water which could dissolve it,  the sand or silt which could erode it (something shell collectors really appreciate!!), and organisms that wish to find a home or a meal!  (although its protection from the later is often minimal!!  After all, if a predator can bore through a shell, it can usually handle a bit of concholin!!).  The protein Concholin is made of, is similar to the material our own bodies use to make hair and fingernails.

 Shell collectors often remove the periostracum, usually via chlorine bleach, which dissolves it and uncovers the color, pattern and gloss of the shell.   However, in landsnails (which must after all deal with rain, acid or otherwise!), many bivalves (some bivalves lack  a perio. entirely  - Pectinidae (scallops), for example - while others have an extremely thick layer, especially those that live at great depths, where there is less available CaCO3, or in fresh water, which is almost always acidic to some degree in nature, since rain contains carbonic acid formed from the CO2 in the atmosphere), and some gastropods such as the "Hairy Triton", Cymatium pileare Linne, the periostracum is a vital part of the shell, and is retained.  On landsnails, it actually contains the pigments that form the pattern and colors of the shell, and clings  to the shell like a second skin, requiring no preservation: it's on there for good!  However, for marine species it is necessary to preserve the perio., or else it will dry out and either fall off, or in some cases break the fragile shell underneath as it shrinks and cracks.  The best way to preserve a shell's Periostracum is to soak it in a solution of glycerin for a week or so, and periodically repeat the process , since the glycerin will eventually evaporate.  In Scientific collections, it is simply preserved in alcohol, usually with the animal as well, in a solution of 70 - 90% alcohol (ethanol or propanol work best) - permanently picked.