Orthogastropoda2_Caenogastropoda-3

2. Subclass: ORTHOGASTROPODA Ponder & Lindberg, 1996 [= PROSOBRANCHIA Milne Edwards, 1848 p.p. + OPISTHOBRANCHIA; = AZYGOBRANCHIA Spengel, 1881 p.p.]
	Order: Hypsogastropoda
	SubOrder: Neogastropoda
		SuperFamily:

SuperFamily: Buccinoidea

Family: Buccinoidae (Whelks, False Tritons)
"The Buccinidae shell is usually characterized by rather deep sutures, a strong spiral shape, and a smooth surface generally without knobs, varices or similar ornamentation. The aperture is large, with a flaring lip that the whelk uses as a wedge to pry open the valves of all kinds of bivalve. Whelks are basically scavengers, and not particular as to what kind of clam they attack. They feed on carrion as well (Nielsen)..."
Archerd Collection

SubFamily: Buccininae

Genus: Buccinum , Phos, Nassaria, Buccinulum, Babylonia, Cominella, Euthria, Clea, Volutharpa, Siphonalia, Penion, Ancistrolepis, Plicifusus, Glypteuthria, Prosipho, Bathydomus, Japelion, Afrocominella, Burnupena, Tasmeuthria, Fax, Eosipho, Siphonofusus, Bathyancistrolepis, Bayerius, Costaria, Kapala


Buccinum osagawai (Habe, T. & K. Ito, 1968) 120 mm	Phos (Phos) varicosum (Gould, A.A., 1849) 20 mm	Nassaria (Nassaria) sinensis (Sowerby, G.B. III, 1897) 28 mm	Buccinulum (Euthria) ponsonbyi (Sowerby, G.B. III, 1889) 35 mm

Cominella (Cominella) virgata (Adams, H. & A. Adams, 1853) 40 mm	Clea helena (Busch, von dem, 1847) 15 mm	Volutharpa ampullacea (Middendorff, A.T. von, 1848) 40 mm	Siphonalia concinna Adams, A., 1863 40 mm

Penion ormesi (Powell, A.W.B., 1927) 180 mm	Plicifusus plicatus (Adams, A., 1863) 40 mm	Afrocominella capensis (Dunker, R.W. in Philippi, R.A., 1844) 45 mm	Burnupena lagenaria (Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822) 32 mm

Tasmeuthria clarkei (Tenison-Woods, J.E., 1875) 20 mm	Fax (Scaeofax) grandior (Verco, J.C., 1908) 25 - 37 mm	Siphonofusus lubricus Dall, W.H., 1918 40 mm	Aeneator (Aeneator) fontainei Orbigny, A.D. d', 1841

Colus islandicus (Gmelin, J.F., 1791) 80 - 200 mm	Euthriostoma saharicum (Locard, E.A.A., 1897) 77 mm

SubFamily: Pisaniinae

Genus:Fusus, Cantharus, Colubraria, Pisania, Pollia, Engina, Metula, Chauvetia, Caducifer, Enginella, Prodotia, Clivipollia, Cancellopollia


Fusus reticulatus (Adams, 1855) to 27 mm	Cantharus (Cantharus) dorbignyi gaillardoti (Puton) 20 mm	Colubraria tortuosa (Reeve, L.A., 1844) 30 - 50 mm	Pisania (Pisania) pusio (Linnaeus, C., 1758) 30 - 48 mm

Pollia pulchra (Reeve, L.A., 1846) 25 mm	Engina lineata (Reeve, L.A., 1846) 12 mm	Metula crosnieri Bouchet, Ph., 1988 60 mm	Chauvetia candidissima (Philippi, 1836) 10.1mm

Caducifer decapitatus (Reeve, L.A., 1844) 25 mm	Prodotia iostomus (Gray, J.E. in Griffith, E. & E. Pidgeon, 1834) 20 - 30 mm	Clivipollia wagneri (Anton, H.E., 1839) to 30 mm	Cancellopollia gracilis Vermeij, G.J. & R. Houart, 1998 30 mm
Unable to locate image
Enginella

SubFamily: Unplaced

Genus: Neptunea, Volutopsius, Neobuccinum, Mohnia, Belomitra, Kelletia, Pareuthria, Manaria, Aulacofusus, Japeuthria, Falsimohnia, Kanamarua, Pararetifusus


Neptunea antiqua (Linnaeus, 1758)	Volutopsius norvegicus (Gmelin, 1891)	Neobuccinum eatoni (Smith, E.A., 1875) 30 - 80 mm	Mohnia hondoensis Dall, 1913 43 mm.

Kelletia lischkei Kuroda, 1938	Pareuthria ringei (Strebel, H., 1905) 13 - 22 mm	Aulacofusus johnsoni (Dall, W.H., 1919)	Japeuthria cingulata (Reeve, 1847) 33 mm
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Kanamarua hyatintus (Shikama, T., 1973) 60 mm	*Pararetifusus*	*Belomitra*	*Manaria*	*Falsimohnia*

Family: Melongenidae (Whelks, Melon & Crown Conches)
"This family includes several distinctive shell forms. Whelks are generally found along the Atlantic coast of North America, particularly in muddy bays and estuaries, where they are the most conspicuous gastropods. Crown and melon conches are more tropically distributed and typically found in brackish or muddy waters near mangrove forests. All are carnivorous, feeding on clams and oysters. Whelks use their shell lip to pry open a clam sufficiently for inserting the proboscis and commencing feeding..."
Arched Collection

Genus:Volema, Pugilina, Melongena


Volema myristica (Röding, P.F., 1798) 50 - 70 mm	Pugilina morio (Linnaeus, C., 1758) to 166 mm	Melongena corona (Gmelin, J.F., 1791) 45 - 205 mm

Family: Fasciolariidae (Tulips, Spindle Shells, Horse Conchs)
"The family Fasciolariidae contains a wide variety of groups, such as the tulip shells, the horse conchs, and the spindle shells. All of them are carnivorous, usually feeding on bivalves and other snails. Most of them live near coral reefs or rocks offshore in tropical and semitropical waters.
Shells of the Genus Fasciolaria (tulips) are densely porcelain-like and rather large. They have a large body whorl, two or more folds on the columella, a short syphonal canal, and may be attractively patterned.
..." Archerd Collection

Genus: Fasciolaria, Latirus, Fusinus, Clavilithes, Peristernia, Dolicholatirus, Pleuroploca, Pseudolatirus, Latirolagena, Fascinus, Nodopelagia, Saginafusus, Microcolus, Fractolatirus, Granulifusus, Crassicantharus, Falsilatirus


Fasciolaria lilium hunteria (Perry, G., 1811) 40 - 120 mm	Latirus filosus (Schubert & A.J. Wagner, 1829) 35 - 66 mm	Fusinus (Fusinus) colus (Linnaeus, C., 1758) 112.2 - 200 mm	Clavilithes noae Fossils	Peristernia incarnata (Kiener, L.C., 1840) 25 mm

Dolicholatirus lancea (Gmelin, J.F., 1791) 50 mm	Pleuroploca gigantea (Kiener, L.C., 1840) 125 - 610 mm	Pseudolatirus pallidus (Kuroda, T. & T. Habe, 1961) 60 mm	Latirolagena smaragdula (Linnaeus, C., 1758) 35 - 60 mm	Fascinus typicus Hedley, 1903 Up to 7 mm
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Nodopelagia brazieri (Angas, G.F., 1877) to 37 mm	*Saginafusus pricei*	Microcolus lincolnensis (Crosse, H. & Fischer, 1868) 10 mm	Fractolatirus normalis Iredale, T., 1936 to 26 mm	Granulifusus consimilis Garrard, T.A., 1966 to 44 mm
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*Crassicantharus noumeensis*	Falsilatirus suduirauti Bozzetti, L., 1995 30 mm

Family: Columbellidae (Dove Shells)
"Large family of numerous genera and many species living in warm and tropical waters. Some dove shells are tiny, few exceed an inch. Scavenging carnivores, they are especially active at night when they may be seen in sandy and muddy places at low tide. The family (which is also called Pyrenidae) is well represented in tropical waters. [from A&D, p.159]
Archerd Collection

SubFamily: Columbellinae

Genus: Alia, Euplica, Zafrona, Cotonopsis


Pyrene ( Alia ) polonica (Pusch) Fossil	Euplica ionida (Duclos, P.L., 1840) 5 mm	Zafrona isomella Duclos, P.L., 1842 4 mm	Cotonopsis monfilsi Emerson, W.K., 1993 40 mm

SubFamily: Pyreninae

Genus:Pyrene, Mitrella, Anachis, Astyris, Aesopus, Zafra, Seminella, Columbellopsis, Mazatlania, Pseudamycla, Parviterebra, Retizafra, Parametaria, Pseudanachis, Zella, Gatliffena, Exomilopsis, Nodochila


Pyrene flava (Bruguière, J.G., 1789) 25 mm	Mitrella nympha Kiener, L.C., 1841 11 mm	Anachis lyrata (Sowerby, G.B. I, 1832) 14 - 20 mm	Astyris lunatus (Say, T., 1826) 3 - 6 mm	Aesopus spiculum (Duclos, P.L. in Chenu, J.C., 1846) 13 mm

Zafra hahajimana (Pilsbry, H.A., 1904) 7 mm	Seminella virginea (Gould, A.A., 1860) 3 mm	Mazatlania fulgurata (Philippi, R.A., 1846) 11 - 14 mm	Pseudamycla rorida (Reeve, L.A., 1859) 7 mm	Parametaria dupontii (Kiener, L.C., 1849) 27 mm
Unable to Locate Image	Unable to Locate Image Sketch	Unable to Locate Image	Unable to Locate Image	Sketch
*Columbellopsis*	Parviterebra trilineata A. Adams and Angas, 1863 12 mm	*Retizafra*	*Pseudanachis*	Zella beddomei Petterd, 1884 9 mm.
Unable to Locate Image	Unable to Locate Image
*Gatliffena*	*Exomilopsis*	Nodochila pascua (Hertlein, 1962)

SubFamily: unplaced

Incertae sedis

Genus:Ascalista, Indomitrella, Mokumea, Pleurifera

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*Ascalista*	Indomitrella lischkei (Smith, 1879) 10 - 12 mm	*Mokumea*	*Pleurifera*

Family: Nassariidae (Nassa Mud Snails)
"The mud snails, or basket shells, are shallow water, usually intertidal, mud dwellers. They occur in large colonies, and are scavengers. A few of the several hundred species live in deep water. The operculum is chitinous (Abbott & Dance, 2000)...."
Archerd Collection:

Genus: Nassarius, Cyllene, Bullia, Demoulia, Hebra


Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularius (Linnaeus, C., 1758) 18 - 40 mm	Cyllene grayi Reeve, L.A., 1846 16 mm	Bullia tranquebarica Röding, P.F., 1798 38 mm	Demoulia abbreviata Gmelin, J.F., 1791 30 mm	Hebra subspinosus (Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822) 15 - 20 mm

SuperFamily: Volutoidea

Family: Turbinellidae (Chank & Vase Shells)
Xancidae is a synonymous name sometimes given to the Turbinellidae family.
"Shells in the Turbinellidae family are generally large, thick and overall spindle-shaped. The coumella bears three to five, strong spiral teeth. They have a chitinous. claw-like operculum, and a quite large foot, which is characteristic of the Turbinellidae molluscs. The foot is used for smothering and feeding on worms and clams. Chanks are found in tidal muds, mainly of the Indian ocean and the Caribbean....Archerd Collection

SubFamily: Columbariinae

Genus:Columbarium, Coluzea


Columbarium pagoda (Lesson, R.P., 1831) 43 mm	Coluzea altocanalis Dell, R.K., 1956 50 - 80 mm

SubFamily: Ptychatractinae

Genus:Latiromitra, Surculina, Benthovoluta


*Latiromitra*	*Surculina*	*Benthovoluta*

SubFamily: Turbinellinae

Genus: Syrinx, Turbinella


*Syrinx*	*Turbinella*

SubFamily: Unplaced

Genus: Exilioidea

Exilioidea

SubFamily: Incertae sedis

Genus:

Family: Olividae (Olive Shells)
"Shells of the family Olividae tend to be cylindrical, smooth and shiny, and variously patterned with numerous fine wrinkles. The spire is fairly low; the aperture is long, smooth, and without teeth; and, the columella shows folds. Like many gastropods, these molluscs maintain a highly polished shell, by pulling their mantle flaps over the exposed surface.

All members of the Olividae family are carnivorous sand-burrowers. Although in a different superfamily than the Muricidae, the Olividae secrete a similar mucus from which a purple dye can be made (Monfils, 2001) They are distributed in warm and tropical seas. ..."
Archerd Collection

SubFamily:Ancillinae

Genus: Ancilla, Ancillus, Amalda, Chilotygma, Anolacea, Sparella, Alocospira, Ancillista, Gracilispira, Exiquaspira

SubFamily:Olivellinae

Genus: Olivella, Belloliva, Cupidoliva

SubFamily:Olivinae

Genus: Oliva

SubFamily: Unplaced

Genus: Carmione, Tateshia

Family: Pseudolividae
"The Pseudolividae was previously regarded as a subfamily of the Olividae, but was elevated to family level on anatomical characters. The family has undergone a decline in diversity and geographical range over geological time, having originated in the Late Cretaceous and peaked in diversity in the Paleocene. There are now about 100 living species in 14 genera. ..." Shells of NSW

Genus: Pseudoliva, Zemira, Melapium, Fulmentum, Benthobia,
Naudoliva, Fusulculus

Family: Mitridae

SubFamily: Mitrinae

Genus: Mitra, Eumitra, Charitodoron

SubFamily: Cylindromitrinae

Genus:Pterygia

SubFamily: Imbricariinae

Genus: Imbricaria, Scabricola, Cancilla, Ziba, Subcancilla, Neocancilla, Domiporta

Family: Costellariidae (=Vexillidae Vexillum Miters)
"The Costellariidae family is closely related to the Mitridae family, and the life styles of these molluscs are similar. However, the Vexillum miters have been placed in their own family because of differences in anatomy and feeding...." Archerd Collection

Genus: Vexillum, Zierliana, Thala, Austromitra

Family: Volutidae (the Volutes)
"Volutes are generally compact, sturdy, spindle shaped shells. Some are rare enough to command high prices because of their varied shapes and colorful patterns. Columellar folds are especially remarkable at the lower end of an elongated aperture. Most have both a short, deep syphonal canal and a canal at the top of the aperture. The Collection has a number of volutes exceeding 4 inches in size.

There are about 200 species of volutes. All of them are carnivorous, feeding on small marine invertebrate animals. Most of them inhabit deep seas and are abundant in warm, temperate waters, expecially around the coasts of Australia..."Archerd Collection

SubFamily: Zidoninae

Genus: Alcithoe, Livonia, Ericusa, Adelomelon, Miomelon, Arctomelon, Notopeplum, Zygomelon

SubFamily: Volutinae

Genus: Lyria, Callipara, Calliotectum, Neptuneopsis, Fusivoluta, Harpulina, Teramachia, Lyreneta, Festilyria, Tenebrincola

SubFamily: Athletinae

Genus: Athleta

SubFamily: Fulgorarinae

Genus: Fulgoraria

SubFamily: Odontocymbiolinae

Genus: Tractolira

SubFamily: Cymbiolinae

Genus: Melo, Cymbiola, Amoria, Volutoconus, Cymbiolista, Nannamoria, Notovoluta

Family: Marginellidae (Marginellas, Margin Shells)
"Shells are ovate (egg-shaped), smooth and highly polished, white or brightly colored, and they always have prominent columellar folds. The spire is usually rounded off and short, or sunken below the enameled surface. Much like the cowries or the ovulas, the mantle flaps cover the shell, protecting its high polish. Most species are less than 3/4 inch, although a few larger species from West Africa may exceed 2 inches in size (Keen, 1958). ..." Archerd Collection

Genus:
Incertae sedis
Marginellinae, Marginelloninae

Family: Harpidae

Genus:Harpa, Morum, Austroharpa

Family: Volutomitridae

Genus: Volutomitra, Conomitra, Microvoluta, Paradmete, Pusiolina,
Peculator, Waimatea, Magdalemitra

Family: Cystiscidae

Genus: Cystiscinae, Plesiocystiscinae, Persiculinae, Granulininae

SuperFamily: Conoidea
	Family: Turridae
		SubFamily: Borsoniinae
			Genus: Bathytoma
		SubFamily: Conorbinae
			Genus: Benthofascis
		SubFamily: Crassispirinae
			Genus: Crassispira, Haedropleura, Austrodrillia, Carinodrillia,Turridrupa, Ceritoturris, Carinapex, Ptychobela, Lioglyphostoma, Miraclathurella, Epidirona, Buchema, Paradrillia, Mauidrillia, Aoteadrillia, Vexitomina, Inodrillia, Pseudexomilus, Belalora, Conorbela, Conticosta, Hindsiclava, Crassiclava, Doxospira, Maesiella, Graciliclava, Naskia, Kurilohadalia, Plicisyrinx, Nquma, Psittacodrillia, Funa, Naudedrillia, Calcatodrillia, Striatoguraleus
		SubFamily: Daphnellinae
			Genus: Daphnella, Raphitoma, Thesbia,Pleurotomella, Thatcheria, Gymnobela, Philbertia, Buccinaria, Teretia, Eubela, Eucyclotoma, Pontiothauma, Pseudodaphnella, Spergo, Aliceia, Otitoma, Bathybela, Phymorhynchus, Kermia, Rimosodaphnella, Antimitra, Veprecula, Exomilus, Nepotilla, Asperdaphne
		SubFamily: Drilliinae
			Genus: Clavus, Drillia, Bellaspira, Spirotropis, Cymatosyrinx, Iredalea, Inquisitor, Elaeocyma, Kylix, Splendrillia, Plagiostropha, Agladrillia, Globidrillia, Leptadrillia, Syntomodrillia, Douglassia, Fenimorea, Cerodrillia, Neodrillia, Imaclava, Paracuneus, Horaiclavus, Tylotiella, Calliclava, Orrmaesia, Acinodrillia
		SubFamily: Thatcheriinae
			Genus:
		SubFamily: Turriculinae
			Genus:Austrotoma
		SubFamily: Turrinae
			Genus: Turris, Gemmula, Lophiotoma, Cryptogemma, Polystira, Xenuroturris, Fusiturris, Epidirella, Lucerapex, Viridoturris, Decollidrillia, Gemmuloborsonia
		SubFamily: Zonulispirinae
			Genus: Compsodrillia, Zonulispira, Pilsbryspira
		SubFamily: Mangeliinae
			Genus: Mangelia, Conopleura, Bela, Cytharella, Eucithara, Mangiliella, Clathromangelia, Lienardia, Pseudoraphitoma, Paraclathurella, Agathotoma, Guraleus, Kurtziella, Macteola, Leiocithara, Anacithara, Heterocithara, Marita, Liracraea, Benthomangelia, Acmaturris, Bactrocythara, Brachycythara , Cryoturris, Euclathurella, Glyphoturris, Ithycythara , Platycythara, Pyrgocythara, Saccharoturris, Tenaturris, Thelecythara,Cacodaphnella, Anticlinura, Neoguraleus, Stellatoma, Glyptaesopus, Antiguraleus, Kurtzia, Belaturricula, Pseudoetrema, Vitricythara, Apispiralia, Apitua, Paramontana, Turrella, Notocytharella, Thelycytharella, Bellacythara, Hemicythara, Fehria, Vitjazinella, Gingicithara, Citharomangelia, Papillocithara
		SubFamily:Incertae sedis
			Genus:
		SubFamily: Unplaced
			Genus:Awateria, Mioawateria
		SubFamily: Clavatulinae
			Genus: Clavatula, Turricula, Perrona, Clionella, Pusionella, Makiyamaia, Toxiclionella, Benthoclionella, Scaevatula
		SubFamily: Clathurellinae
			Genus: Borsonia, Cordieria, Genota, Clathurella, Mitromorpha, Glyphostoma, Typhlomangelia, Comarmondia, Asthenotoma, Drilliola, Microdrillia, Tomopleura, Borsonella, Anarithma, Lovellona, Suavodrillia, Etrema, Zetekia, Nannodiella, Scrinium, Paraborsonia, Filodrillia, Phenatoma, Typhlosyrinx, Darbya, Maorimorpha, Maoritomella, Mitrellatoma, Ophiodermella, Cruziturricula, Crockerella, Strombinoturris, Austroturris, Pulsarella, Arielia, Diptychophlia, Heteroturris, Corinnaeturris, Tropidoturris, Abyssothauma
		SubFamily: Taraninae
			Genus: Taranis
		SubFamily: Cochlespirinae
			Genus:Cochlespira, Leucosyrinx, Aforia, Apiotoma, Antiplanes, Megasurcula, Clavosurcula, Schepmania, Knefastia, Parasyrinx , Comitas, Marshallena, Fusiturricula, Micropleurotoma, Anticomitas, Paracomitas, Antimelatoma, Carinoturris, Rhodopetoma, Nihonia, Pyrgospira, Abyssocomitas
		SubFamily: Pseudomelatominae
			Genus: Pseudomelatoma, Hormospira, Tiariturris
		SubFamily: Strictispirinae
			Genus: Cleospira, Strictispira, Inkinga
		SubFamily: Oenopotinae
			Genus: Oenopota, Propebela, Curtitoma, Granotoma, Obesotoma, Lorabela, Oenopotella
	Family: Terebridae
			Genus:Species inquirenda, Terebra, Hastula, Duplicaria, Terenolla,
	Family: Conidae
			Genus: Conus, Conorbis

SuperFamily: Cancellarioidea
	Family: Cancellariidae
		SubFamily: Admetinae
			Genus: Admete, Bonellitia, Admetula, Zeadmete
		SubFamily: Cancellariinae
			Genus: Cancellaria, Trigonostoma, Sveltia, Gergovia, Inglisella, Pepta, Fusiaphera, Nipponaphera, Vercomaris, Mirandaphera
		SubFamily: Plesiotritoninae
			Genus: Plesiotriton , Loxotaphrus, Tritonoharpa, Africotriton
		SubFamily: Unplaced
			Genus: Iphinoe, Scalptia, Iphinopsis, Oamaruia, Mericella, Waipaoa, Iphinoella, Neadmete, Solutosveltia, Habesolatia, Agatrix, Dellina, Momoebora

Super Order: Caenogastropoda
	Order: Sorbeoconcha
	SubOrder: Architaenioglossa: Haller, 1890
		Name Author, Year
			SuperFamily: Cyclophoroidea (Terrestrial)
				Family: Cyclophoridae
					Genus: Leptopoma, Ditropis
				Family: Diplommatinidae
					Genus: Incertae sedis - Palaina reta Diplommatina, Palaina, Velepalaina, Palmatina, Fermepalaina
				Family: Pupinidae
					Genus: Pupina, Pupinella, Hedleya, Suavocallia

SuperFamily: Ampullarioidea
	Family: Viviparidae
		Genus: Incertae sedis - Larina, Centrapala, Notopala


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