Personal
Adornment
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It can
be said that every culture has used shells, whole or in part, and pearls
as personal adornment. Some cultures even wore shells as part of their elaborate
costume to signal their distinct tribal identities and to display their
role and rank within the tribe. In some parts of India, a Hindu woman's
equivalent of a wedding ring is a bracelet made of the sections of the Indian
(or Sacred) Chank. |
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Some of the other ways shells have been used as adornment are:
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Picture
courtesy of Helen Dennet
Here is a picture of a man from the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea wearing a baler chest ornament. Different cultural groups have evolved different ways of decorating themselves with shells and one can often guess which tribe a person comes from by the shells being worn. 1984 To see more photos of New Guineans wearing tribal costumes, click HERE |
Two
examples of man using the byproducts of molluscs for decoration or fancy
clothing are:
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1. as fine gloves, caps stockings and collars. These were once made from the "golden fleece" or byssus threads of Pen shells (Pinnidae). |
Pinna ragosa |
2. as Dyes: Dyes made from molluscs were used to beautify clothing and other items made from cloth. Depending on the species
of mollusc used, the final product varied from red to violet to almost
black. As early as the fifteenth century BC, the people of Tyre and Sidon
had found a way to extract the purple dye from some molluscs. The same
royal purple colour worn by kings, emperors and high priests in the
past is still used in the robes and alter mantles of some religions today An example of this is The P'til Tekhelet (i.e., "Biblical Blue"), the Association for the Promotion and Distribution Of Tekhelet in Jerusalem, Israel. This society still uses and makes the Biblical blue to produce the Jewish ritual fringes on their prayer shawls. In the Old Testament, this blue was so rare and highly valued that it could be collected only once every seventy years and was used to dye just one thread at each corner of the prayer shawl. Even though artificially
produced dyes are available at a fraction of the cost, many Mexican and
South American natives still prefer the molluscan dyes for their garbs,
since they produce more natural - looking and traditional hues.
In Oaxaca, the Mixtec still search the seashore for the pretty Purpura
patula pansa Gould, 1853) (the "Wide-mouthed Purpura"), squeeze some
of their juices onto yarns, and return the shell to its home, to be used
again the following season. These same dyes were used as early as 400
BC Some
molluscs that have been used to dye material are: |
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Murex miliaris |
(Syn in Latin means
"together" - the specimens are used together, as a group, to represent
the species.) which someone else has already described before, the first
name has priority when other scientists discover that the two names have
been given to the same species. The second (and all other names
a species may accumulate - up to a hundred or more, for very variable
beasties!) then becomes a "synonym" of the first name, which is the only
one that is valid. |
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Murex brandaris and Murex trunculus |
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( For more information on this subject, a good; but be warned, rather
technical site for more information is: Applications
of Synchrotron Techniques in Art and Archaeology Workshop )
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Thais haemastoma |
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Nucella lapillus |
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Purpura patula pansa |
Note: All of the above species belong to the Murex Family, and all produce a bluish-reddish-purplish type of dye. | |
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Concholepas concholepas |